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簡介 在本知識庫中的 “如何進行序列模式公差分析” 這篇文章中,我們簡單說明了RSS的計算方式如下: 在所有公差單獨計算之後,OpticStudio可以計算各種不同的統計資料,其中最重要的就是 "Estimated Change" 以及 “Estimated Performance” (本範例中為Estimated RMS Wavefront)。Zemax使用RSS (Root Sum Square) 方法來計算品質的Estimated Change。對於每一個公差操作數,相對於原始設計的評價標準改變量之計算方法是最大與最小公差的評價標準改變各自平方,然後再取平均。最大與最小值之所以取平均是因為它們不可能同時發生,如果相加的話會導致過分悲觀的預測。 我們將用公差統計中的堆疊問題 (Stack Up) 說明 RSS 的計算。 堆疊問題 問題的描述是這樣的:想像我們有5個木板要疊在一起,並需要估計疊在一起的總厚度。已知每一片木板的厚度都有些許不同 (現實世界總是會有誤差!),每片木板的厚度大約在25 mm加減0.1 mm的範圍內隨機分布。假設這些木板的厚度機率是常態分布,中心是25 mm,機率最大,25.1 mm跟24.9 mm的機率則是e^-2,剛好會是距離中心兩倍標準差 (sigma) 的位置,畫出來如下圖。 好,所以現在問題是,如果我們疊了5塊木板以後,厚度的機率分布會變成怎樣? 答案是125 mm加減0.224 mm。並且也會是常態分佈。以125作為中心,125.224與124.776的位置發生機率恰好是e^-2。 換句話說,整個系統的總厚度:1. 也是常態分佈。2. 常態分佈中心剛好是每塊木板的各自機率分佈的中心的總合:5+5+5+5+5=125。3. 整個系統常態分佈機率為e^-2的地方,會是每塊木板各自常態分佈為e^-2時的偏差值 (deviation) 各自平方後、再加總、再開根號,也就是所謂的Root Sum Square (RSS),你可以在Excel中輸入這右邊這串計算來驗證:sqrt(0.1^2+0.1^2+0.1^2+0.1^2+0.1^2)。答案正是0.224。 詳細的證明可以參考Wiki的說明:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum_of_normally_distributed_random_variables
When developing a project in Python, it is important to have a clean and isolated environment to avoid conflicts with other packages or dependencies. This is where virtual environments come in handy. In this guide, I will show you how to set up a virtual environment for a project in PyCharm. Step 1: Install Virtualenv in Command Prompt pip install virtualenv Step 2: Create a new PyCharm project Create a new PyCharm project through File > New Project. check the right bottom interpreter is the one you created just now, in this case(zos_venv) Step 3: Configure the new virtual environment Open the terminal by clicking on the Terminal tab at the bottom of the screen. To activate the virtual environment, navigate to the location of the virtual environment in the terminal using the cd command. Once you are in the correct directory, you can activate the virtual environment cd .\zos_venv cd .\Scripts .\activate Step 4: Configure the new virtual environment The environment name (in this case zos
Hi, I’m trying to model lens array imaging using mixed mode (array defined in NSC). My question is, how valid is the Image Analysis for such a setup? The on-axis field component appears to shape a proper image, but from the layout rays I have a hard time imaging how an actual image is formed (see below picture). When using the off-axis field to make the Image Simulation, the picture appears to have multiple overlays (4). Second question (perhaps the reason behind my misunderstanding), is how can Microlens Arrays be used to form images. I would think that placing the object and image plane 2f before and after the array would give a 1:1 imaging of the object (f being the single lens focal length). Additionally, I’m guessing some kind of post-processing of the image is necessary to actually make the image resolvable? Simulation file is attached. Best regards,Ahmed
显微镜光学成像系统设计案例 简介 以下介绍显微镜光学成像系统的设计案例。 显微镜的技术规格如下所述: 放大倍率:10 NA:0.2(CCD对角的 1/2 ) 视场数:8 无限远校正系统(infinity corrected ): 12mm 成像镜头焦点距离:200mm 工作距离:45mm 使用的光源:2mm NA=0.25 光学系统的设计分为2类: 成像系统 照明系统 这里介绍的是成像系统的设计。 原文出处及附件下载: Attachment
What's the difference between Sequential and Non-Sequential Mode? When should I use one over the other?
Dear Sir/Madam, Happy New Year! I am trying to simulated the fiber with NA 0.22. For this I have taken Core RI 1.49 and claculated the cladding RI for desired NA, it is coming 1.473. I have used the formula NA = sqrt(core_RI^2 - cladding_RI^2). I am using “cylindrical volume” to simulate the fiber in non-sequential mode. Is this the right approach to have a fiber with desired NA in Zemax? Doubting because…... When I changed the NA of fiber to 0.5(core RI 1.45 - cladding RI 1.3610), just to check wheater coupling efficiency is changing or not. I am getting same power at detector, placed at front surface of fiber! and hence same Coupling efficiency. I am attaching the zemax file of my Simulation for your reference. A comment would be appreciated. Thankyou.
Coordinate Breaks are a powerful tool to model off-axis and other non-rotationally symmetric systems. However, specifying parameters like arbitrary pivot points in 3D space is non-trivial in a sequential-based coordinate system. In this OpticsTalk, we'll take a closer look at setting up Coordinate Break surfaces and utilizing functions like the Coordinate Return and different Solve types to more efficiently set up complex systems. This talk is hosted by Angel Morales, an optical engineer from Zemax's US Customer Success Team.
前言 雷射二極體 (Laser Diode,以下簡稱LD) 由於體積小、同調性、單色等優點,十年來逐漸被應用在各種軍事或商業產品中。無論哪種LD,其結構中一定都包含一個主動層,雷射光便是從主動層中通過激發與共振的過程後出光。雖然主動層也有材料、折射率等各種考量,但對於光學工程師來說,我們僅關心其出光的型態如何在OpticStudio中模擬。 跟一般雷射不同的是,LD的光束通常發散角度很大。對於一些主動層開口在側面的類型來說,光束甚至不是圓形,而是橢圓的型態,且X與Y方向上焦點位置不同,即所謂像散 (Astigmatism) 的特性。雷射的出光形狀以及強度等結構,會跟主動層的設計有很大關係,雖然從波導理論的角度來看,我們知道矩形的主動層並不會產生完美的高斯光束,但一般LD其光型結構跟高斯光束通常很接近 (能量較弱兩側略為可能不同),因此常見的方法是用高斯光束來模擬LD,這也是本文要使用的方式。 以下我們將說明在已知X與Y方向散角下,如何以光線方式模擬高斯強度分布、橢圓光束、以及像散 (Astigmatism) 等特性。 注意1:此文章將說明如何在序列模式中用 “光線” 描述雷射光束。由於雷射為高同調性光源,光束在傳播上干涉、繞射的效應強,而光線模型對於繞射效應的模擬是有限的,非所有狀況適用。當繞射效應的影響很重要時,應該採用物理光學傳播 (POP) 來模擬該系統。以下是幾種常見,可能光線模型不適用,須小心對待的狀況。 1. 傳播距離長。雷射在瑞利距 (Rayleigh Range) 前後的行為可能有很大差異,無法用光線精確預測。 2. 光束在系統中有被明顯遮蔽。同調光源在被遮蔽時,在孔徑邊緣會有強烈的繞射,而讓光線後續傳播中,產生與光線預測不同的結果。 3. 尋找最小光斑位置。光線預測的最小光斑位置與繞射傳播預測的位置可能會有不同。聚焦時的光點大小預測可能也會不同。 注意2:此方法假設光束為單一模態,也就是高斯模態,超過一個模態以上,須改用物理光學傳播模擬。 不考慮Astigmatism的模擬方法 沒有Astigmatism特性時,我們假設雷射二極體是點光源,帶有高斯的強度分布,以及指定散角的橢圓分布。 現在讓我們先開新檔案,然後把物距改為100,因為現在雷射是從物面出發的點光源。 讓我們先做一些簡單計算假設我們的二極體雷射在兩個方向上散角如下: X方向的FWHM為2
I would like to use lenses from Thorlabs to collimate the NA=0.22 beam to around 0.4mm size. What merit functions should I use to achieve this goal? Can I also use Stock lens matching and merit functions together to achieve this goal?
An interesting problem has surfaced as the Zemax team at Ansys continues to develop toolsets to aid the simulation of small form-factor, wide-angle systems such as cellphone camera lenses. Different ways exist to set up and model a stop with a lens traversing its aperture, but which is the best way? With this post, we share our recommendations and seek your feedback based on your experiences tackling this challenge. Virtual propagation modeling is one of the ways to model these stops. Technically, the portion of the lens that goes through the stop will modify the wavefront before the stop limits the wavefront with its clear aperture. Therefore, we cannot use virtual propagation to model these stops because we will be adding non-real pupil aberrations to our optical systems since we are forcing the entrance pupil to be flat when it is not. Here is an example of a stop with a lens going through it. By definition, “the aperture stop is the aperture in the system that limits the bundle of
Hi, I’m getting started writing a video on Wide Angle Lenses for my YouTube Channel DesignOpticsFast. I have a couple of questions: For Zemax Support: I’m having trouble getting the ‘enhanced wide angle ray aiming’ to make any difference: What does it do? I’ve toggled all the (new) switches under Ray Aiming in System Explorer and I’ve not been able to see any changes at all, let alone improvements. Can you guys explain where and when this Feature Experiment is intended to be useful? Or offer some sample files that show what it can do? Also, I wanted to check that the Performance Test measures raytracing speed AFTER the ray-aiming, so it won’t be a useful guide to how well or badly the ray-aiming is going. Is that correct? For Zemax Community: I’m interested in problems that you have in designing wide angle lenses. I’m trying to write a How-To that gives a step-by-step guide to setting up a wide angle lens. One problem I have is that it works with 100% of the files I create, so I wonder
Suppose I’ve designed an optical system in zemax, how can I find the linear and angular magnification of the system.
Is it possible to calculate the 'field Type' 'Angle' (Code 0) from the 'field Type' 'Real Image Height' (Code 3) with a ZPL script? It is basically what the Zemax 'Field data editor' offers with the 'Convert to' option. However, I do not need to *convert* the field type, but just have to determine the value. With 'Single Ray Trace' as well as with the operand 'RAID', I only get one angle. But I need the two angles as defined for the 'field Type' 'Angle' Thank you and best regards, Christof.
Hi all, I hope you are all still doing well. I have been trying to plot the peak irradiance of a reimaged Bessel-Gauss beam produced using a 20 degree axicon (AX2520-B, Thorlabs). The reimaging telescope consists of a 50 mm plano-convex lens (LA1131-B, Thorlabs) and a 35 mm plano-convex lens (LA1027-B, Thorlabs). The first lens (the 50 mm one) is placed 45.5 mm away from the conical tip, as this is its front focal length (approximately 42 mm) away from the centre of the Bessel-zone produced by the axicon. Lens Data window Layout of reimaged axicon setup, surface 7 highlighted I have been able to obtain sampling that provides an annular ring at the back surface (surface 7, highlighted in above image) of the 50 mm lens (as would be expected), but upon reaching the planar surface of the 35 mm lens the beam shape appears significantly distorted. I have opted for 20 x 20 mm X and Y widths, with a sampling rate of 8192 x 8192. Surface 7 irradiance false colour plot - annular ring Surface 8 i
I’m interested in a statement about the path forward with the aquisition of Ansys by Synopsis -- now Code V and OpticStudio will be owned by the same company. What can users expect?
Hello. I want information about how to create and optimizate a projection system with two or three lenses. Every time I try to use one model already done I can not find a good solution (I am a begginer), each parameter I modify the merit function is not computable or the result have a big RMS spot size. I would like to have a document which creates the lens from zero and explainning all the steps. Thanks
Does anyone have an OpticStudio macro which converts the disortions written out using the DISA and DISG commands into radial distortion coefficients (k1, k2), which are typically used in camera systems?
Hello Optic Studio friends, I have a question about the OPD calculation for an on-axis finite-finite imaging system. I have understand that OS calculates the OPD based on the reference sphere and that the OPD is calculated in the plane of the exit pupil. How does Zemax calculate the exit pupil? Does it consider pupil aberration? Or does it assume that the pupil is just a plane? And is the pupil position the position you get when using paraxial ray trace equations (...what means that aberrations of the system are not considered)? And I have another question regarding the reference sphere. Where is the center of the reference sphere located?Is it located in the paraxial image plane? Thanks and kind regardsDirk
Hello, I am attempting to model a system that has 400 nm light emitting from a fiber, going through a lens, reaching a flat mirror, then retroreflecting back to the fiber. The scale of the system is on the order of a few mm. I am determining whether a GRIN lens or an asphere would work to have a small footprint back at the fiber while having minimal spherical aberration. I am currently modeling the system in sequential mode to keep the model as straightforward as possible until more complexity is required. However, when I am attempting to determine the aberration and footprint properties of the GRIN lens, I get the error message that double pass does not work for gradient surfaces like the GRIN lens I am testing. Is there a work-around to get the GRIN lens modeled properly with a double pass system? I can provide more information/context if needed. I would greatly appreciate any assistance.
Hey Zemax team, Sadly my license for OS does not include the new ‘draw entrance and exit pupils’ feature, but I saw a posting on LinkedIn that leads me to think it’s not correct. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/ir-ekim-yildirim-bb9481161_did-you-know-that-zemax-2024-r1-can-draw-activity-7179440511521292288-86_4?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop I’m assuming that the red pupils are the off-axis pupil (and so sees the red rays). The pupils appear to me to be: tilting the wrong way not centered on the chief ray of the field point I can’t play with the feature to satisfy myself. Could someone post this layout (its the double Gauss sample file) with ‘Draw Marginal and Chief Rays’ selected please? Mark
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